Geothermal/Power Plant

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Geothermal Power Plants

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Binary power system equipment and cooling towers at the ORMAT Ormesa Geothermal Power Complex in Southern California.
This is the Krafla Geothermal Power Station in Iceland.


Geothermal Power Plants discussion


Electricity Generation

Converting the energy from a geothermal resource into electricity is achieved by producing steam from the heat underground to spin a turbine which is connected to a generator to produce electricity. The type of energy conversion technology that is used depends on whether the resource is predominantly water or steam, the temperature of the resource, and the chemical composition of the fluid.

The 3 conventional methods that are used are Dry Steam, Flash Steam, and Binary Cycle power plants.

Steam from hydrothermal reservoirs is withdrawn from below the Earth's surface via a production well and goes directly to a turbine; the turbine drives a generator that produces electricity. This is the oldest type of geothermal power plant, and in use at the largest single source of geothermal power: The Geysers (in northern California)[1].
Flash steam power plants are the most common type geothermal power plants. They generally require the use of hydrothermal fluids above in the range of 300 - 700°F[2]. The fluid is vaporized, and the vapor drives the turbine, which then drives the generator[1]."
Both moderate-temperature (below 400°F) water and a secondary, or "binary", fluid with a much lower boiling point than water are used in binary-cycle power plants. The secondary fluid vaporizes (caused by the heat from the geothermal fluid), which drives the turbine, which drives the generator. Since moderate-temperature water is the more common geothermal resource, and this technology is expected to be used in many geothermal plants in the future[1].


Cooling Technologies

In closed loop steam systems steam is condensed and cooled prior to re-injection. In the Binary cycle the heat gained in the working fluid must be rejected in order to make continuous power. The 3 typical methods of heat rejection that are used are:

Water cooling is commonly defined as a method of using water as a heat conduction to remove heat from an object, machine, or other substance by passing cold water over or through it. In energy generation, water cooling is typically used to cool steam back into water so it can be used again in the generation process.
Air cooling is commonly defined as rejecting heat from an object by flowing air over the surface of the object, through means of convection. Air cooling requires that the air must be cooler than the object or surface from which it is expected to remove heat. This is due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat will only move spontaneously from a hot reservoir (the heat sink) to a cold reservoir (the air).
An evaporative cooler is a device that cools air through the evaporation of water. Evaporative cooling works by employing water's large enthalpy of vaporization. The temperature of dry air can be dropped significantly through the phase transition of liquid water to water vapor (evaporation), which can cool air using much less energy than refrigeration. Evaporative cooling requires a water source, and must continually consume water to operate.


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Add a new Geothermal Power Plant
Please be sure the power plant does not already exist (perhaps under a different name) in the list below before adding.
Number of geothermal plants listed: 252

 
Owner

Facility
Type

Capacity
(MW)

Commercial
Online
Date

Geothermal
Area

Geothermal
Region
Ahuachapan Geothermal Power PlantLaGeo SA de CVSingle Flash; Double Flash1975Ahuachapan Geothermal Area
Ahuachapan No. 2LaGeoSingle Flash1976Ahuachapan Geothermal Area
Ahuachapan No. 3LaGeoDouble Flash1981Ahuachapan Geothermal Area
Aidlin Geothermal FacilityCalpineGeothermal Steam Power Plant20 MW20,000 kW <br />20,000,000 W <br />20,000,000,000 mW <br />0.02 GW <br />2.0e-5 TW <br />1989Geysers Geothermal Area
Altheim Geothermal Power PlantBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC1994Altheim Geothermal Area
Aluto-Langano Geotermal Power PlantEthiopian Electric Power CorporationBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC7.3 MW7,300 kW <br />7,300,000 W <br />7,300,000,000 mW <br />0.0073 GW <br />7.3e-6 TW <br />1999Aluto-Langano Geothermal Area
Amatitlan Geothermal Power PlantEmpresa de Generacion de Energia Electrica del INDEBack Pressure Steam, Binary20 MW20,000 kW <br />20,000,000 W <br />20,000,000,000 mW <br />0.02 GW <br />2.0e-5 TW <br />2007Amatitlan Geothermal Area
Amedee Geothermal FacilityAmedee Geothermal VentureBinary1.6 MW1,600 kW <br />1,600,000 W <br />1,600,000,000 mW <br />0.0016 GW <br />1.6e-6 TW <br />1988Amedee Geothermal Area
BLM Geothermal FacilityCoso Operating Co.Double Flash90 MW90,000 kW <br />90,000,000 W <br />90,000,000,000 mW <br />0.09 GW <br />9.0e-5 TW <br />1989Coso Geothermal Area
Bacman 1 GEPPEnergy Development CorporationSingle Flash110 MW110,000 kW <br />110,000,000 W <br />110,000,000,000 mW <br />0.11 GW <br />1.1e-4 TW <br />1993Bac-Man Laguna Geothermal Area
Bacman 2 GEPPEnergy Development CorporationSingle Flash40 MW40,000 kW <br />40,000,000 W <br />40,000,000,000 mW <br />0.04 GW <br />4.0e-5 TW <br />1993Bac-Man Laguna Geothermal Area
Bacman LowLoad GEPPSingle Flash0 MW0 kW <br />0 W <br />0 mW <br />0 GW <br />0 TW <br />1998Leyte Geothermal Area
Bagnore 3 Geothermal Power StationSingle Flash1998Mount Amiata Geothermal Area
Bear Canyon Geothermal FacilityCalpineGeothermal Steam Power Plant20 MW20,000 kW <br />20,000,000 W <br />20,000,000,000 mW <br />0.02 GW <br />2.0e-5 TW <br />1988Geysers Geothermal Area
Bellavista Geothermal Power StationGeothermal Steam Power Plant1987Mount Amiata Geothermal Area
Beowawe Geothermal FacilityBeowawe Power LLCDouble Flash16.6 MW16,600 kW <br />16,600,000 W <br />16,600,000,000 mW <br />0.0166 GW <br />1.66e-5 TW <br />1985Beowawe Hot Springs Geothermal Area
Berlín Geothermal Power PlantEmpresa Transmisora de El Salvador (ETESAL)Single Flash, Binary1992Berlín Geothermal Area
Big Geysers Geothermal FacilityCalpineGeothermal Steam Power Plant97 MW97,000 kW <br />97,000,000 W <br />97,000,000,000 mW <br />0.097 GW <br />9.7e-5 TW <br />1980Geysers Geothermal Area
Birdsville Geothermal Power StationErgon EnergyBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC1992Birdsville Geothermal Area
Bjarnaflag Geothermal Power PlantReykjavík EnergyBack Pressure Steam1969Bjarnaflag Geothermal Area
Blumau GEPPOrkuveita ReykjavikurBinary Cycle Power Plant0.2 MW200 kW <br />200,000 W <br />200,000,000 mW <br />2.0e-4 GW <br />2.0e-7 TW <br />2001Bad Blumau Geothermal Area
Blundell 1 Geothermal FacilityPacificCorp EnergySingle Flash36 MW36,000 kW <br />36,000,000 W <br />36,000,000,000 mW <br />0.036 GW <br />3.6e-5 TW <br />1984Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area
Blundell 2 Geothermal FacilityPacificCorpBinary12 MW12,000 kW <br />12,000,000 W <br />12,000,000,000 mW <br />0.012 GW <br />1.2e-5 TW <br />2007Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area
Bouillante 1 Geothermal Power PlantCFG Services; Électricité de France Développement EnvironnementDouble Flash1996Bouillante Geothermal Area
Bouillante 2 Geothermal Power PlantCFG Services; Électricité de France Développement EnvironnementDouble Flash2003Bouillante Geothermal Area
Brady Hot Springs I Geothermal FacilityOrmatDouble Flash, Binary12 MW12,000 kW <br />12,000,000 W <br />12,000,000,000 mW <br />0.012 GW <br />1.2e-5 TW <br />1992Brady Hot Springs Geothermal Area
Bruchsal GEPPMunicipality GermanyBinary Cycle Power Plant1 MW1,000 kW <br />1,000,000 W <br />1,000,000,000 mW <br />0.001 GW <br />1.0e-6 TW <br />2009Bruchsal Geothermal Area
CE Turbo Geothermal FacilityCalEnergy GenerationSingle Flash10 MW10,000 kW <br />10,000,000 W <br />10,000,000,000 mW <br />0.01 GW <br />1.0e-5 TW <br />2000Salton Sea Geothermal Area
Calistoga Geothermal FacilityCalpineGeothermal Steam Power Plant80 MW80,000 kW <br />80,000,000 W <br />80,000,000,000 mW <br />0.08 GW <br />8.0e-5 TW <br />1984Geysers Geothermal Area
Carboli 1 Geothermal Power StationGeothermal Steam Power Plant1998Larderello Geothermal Area
Carboli 2 Geothermal Power StationGeothermal Steam Power Plant1997Larderello Geothermal Area
Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power StationCompania Federal de ElectricidadSingle Flash; Double Flash1973Cerro Prieto Geothermal Area
Chena Hot Springs Geothermal FacilityChena Hot SpringsBinary0.45 MW450 kW <br />450,000 W <br />450,000,000 mW <br />4.5e-4 GW <br />4.5e-7 TW <br />2006Chena Geothermal Area
Cibuni Geothermal Power PlantPLN2014Pengalengan Geothermal Area
Cobb Creek Geothermal FacilityCalpineGeothermal Steam Power Plant110 MW110,000 kW <br />110,000,000 W <br />110,000,000,000 mW <br />0.11 GW <br />1.1e-4 TW <br />1979Geysers Geothermal Area
Cornia 2 Geothermal Power StationGeothermal Steam Power Plant1994Larderello Geothermal Area
Cove Fort Geothermal Power PlantEnel Green PowerBinary2013Roosevelt Hot Springs Road , Milford, UT 84751
Darajat Geothermal Power PlantPLN260 MW260,000 kW <br />260,000,000 W <br />260,000,000,000 mW <br />0.26 GW <br />2.6e-4 TW <br />1994Java - Darajat Geothermal Area
Del Ranch (Hoch) Geothermal FacilityCalEnergy GenerationDouble Flash38 MW38,000 kW <br />38,000,000 W <br />38,000,000,000 mW <br />0.038 GW <br />3.8e-5 TW <br />1989Salton Sea Geothermal Area
Deniz Geothermal Power PlantMARENBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC24 MW24,000 kW <br />24,000,000 W <br />24,000,000,000 mW <br />0.024 GW <br />2.4e-5 TW <br />2012Germencik Geothermal Area
Desert Peak II Geothermal FacilityOrmatBinary11 MW11,000 kW <br />11,000,000 W <br />11,000,000,000 mW <br />0.011 GW <br />1.1e-5 TW <br />2006Desert Peak Geothermal Area
Dieng Geothermal Power PlantGeodipaSingle Flash60 MW60,000 kW <br />60,000,000 W <br />60,000,000,000 mW <br />0.06 GW <br />6.0e-5 TW <br />1998Java - Dieng Geothermal Area
Dixie Valley Geothermal FacilityTerra-Gen Operating Co.Double Flash67.2 MW67,200 kW <br />67,200,000 W <br />67,200,000,000 mW <br />0.0672 GW <br />6.72e-5 TW <br />1988Dixie Valley Geothermal Area
Don A. Cambell Geothermal Power PlantOrmatBinary2013Wild Rose Geothermal Area
Dora-1 Geothermal Energy Power PlantMenderes GeothermalBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC7.9 MW7,900 kW <br />7,900,000 W <br />7,900,000,000 mW <br />0.0079 GW <br />7.9e-6 TW <br />2006Salavatli Geothermal Area
Dora-2 Geothermal Power PlantMenderes GeothermalBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC9.5 MW9,500 kW <br />9,500,000 W <br />9,500,000,000 mW <br />0.0095 GW <br />9.5e-6 TW <br />2010Salavatli Geothermal Area
Dora-3 Geothermal Power PlantMenderes GeothermalBinary Cycle Power Plant, ORC17 MW17,000 kW <br />17,000,000 W <br />17,000,000,000 mW <br />0.017 GW <br />1.7e-5 TW <br />2013Salavatli Geothermal Area
ENEL Salt Wells Geothermal FacilityEnel North AmericaBinary23.6 MW23,600 kW <br />23,600,000 W <br />23,600,000,000 mW <br />0.0236 GW <br />2.36e-5 TW <br />2009Salt Wells Geothermal Area
Eagle Rock Geothermal FacilityCalpineGeothermal Steam Power Plant110 MW110,000 kW <br />110,000,000 W <br />110,000,000,000 mW <br />0.11 GW <br />1.1e-4 TW <br />1975Geysers Geothermal Area
Eburru Geothermal Power PlantKenGenSingle Flash2.4 MW2,400 kW <br />2,400,000 W <br />2,400,000,000 mW <br />0.0024 GW <br />2.4e-6 TW <br />2011Eburru Geothermal Area
... further results
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Geothermal Regulations and Permitting for Power Plants

For information about regulations and permitting related to geothermal power plants, see the Regulatory and Permitting Information Desktop Toolkit.

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Document #Analysis
Type
ApplicantLead
Agency
District
Office
Field
Office
Mineral
Manager
Surface
Manager
Techniques
BLM-NV-WN-ES-08-01-1310, NV-020-08-01EANevada Geothermal PowerBureau of Land ManagementBLM Winnemucca District OfficeBLM Humboldt River Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementDownhole Techniques
Well Testing Techniques
Drilling Techniques
Development Drilling
CA-96062042EISCalpine CorporationU.S. Forest Service
DOE-EA-1116EAExergy, Inc.United States Department of EnergyGolden Field OfficeGolden Field Office
DOE-EA-1621EAOregon Institute of TechnologyUnited States Department of EnergyGolden Field OfficeGolden Field Office
DOE-EA-1676EAUS Geothermal IncUnited States Department of Energy
DOE-EA-1849EAOrmat Technologies IncUnited States Department of EnergyGolden Field OfficeBureau of Land Management
DOE-EIS-0298EISCalEnergy GenerationBonneville Power Admin
United States Department of Energy
U.S. Forest Service
Bureau of Land Management
Bureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land Management
DOI-BLM-CA-017-P006-60EISPacific EnergyBureau of Land ManagementBLM Central California District OfficeBLM Bishop Field OfficeDevelopment Drilling
DOI-BLM-CA-ES-2013-002+1793-EISEISORNI 50 LLCBureau of Land ManagementBLM Central California District OfficeBLM Bishop Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementUnited States Forest Service
DOI-BLM-NV-063-EA08-091EAOrmat Technologies IncBureau of Land ManagementBLM Battle Mountain District OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementProduction Wells
DOI-BLM-NV-B010-2011-0015-EAEAOrmat Technologies IncBureau of Land ManagementBLM Battle Mountain District OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementWell Testing Techniques
Drilling Techniques
Production Wells
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2010-0016-EAEAVulcan Power CompanyBureau of Land ManagementBLM Carson City District OfficeBLM Stillwater Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementNevada: Energy Resources
Bureau of Reclamation
Airborne Electromagnetic Survey
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2011-0001-EAEATerra-Gen Power LLCBureau of Land ManagementBLM Carson City District OfficeBLM Stillwater Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementWell Testing Techniques
Exploration Drilling
Observation Wells
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012--044-DNADNAOrmatt Nevada, IncBLM Nevada State OfficeBLM Carson City District OfficeBLM Stillwater Field OfficeBureau of Land Management
DOI-BLM-NV-C010-2012-0050-EAEAOrmat Technologies IncBureau of Land ManagementBLM Carson City District OfficeBLM Stillwater Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementDrilling Techniques
Development Drilling
DOI-BLM-NV-CC-ES-11-10-1793EISOrmat Technologies Inc, Gradient Resources (formerly Vulcan Power), Sierra Pacific Power Co,Bureau of Land ManagementBLM Carson City District OfficeBLM Stillwater Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land Management
Bureau of Reclamation
Development Drilling
DOI-BLM-NV-W010–2012–0005–EAEATerra-Gen Power LLCBureau of Land ManagementBLM Winnemucca District OfficeBLM Humboldt River Field OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementDownhole Techniques
Development Drilling
DOI-BLM-OR-V040-2009-0059-EAEAUS Geothermal IncUnited States Department of EnergyBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land Management
DOI-BLM-UT-C010-2010-0042-EAEAENEL Green Power North AmericaBureau of Land ManagementBLM Color Country District OfficeBureau of Land ManagementUnited States Forest Service
Bureau of Land Management
NEPA Process for Geothermal Power Plants in the Deschutes National ForestEISCal EnergyU.S. Forest Service
Bureau of Land Management
Thermal Gradient Holes
Exploration Drilling
Exploratory Boreholes
Production Wells
NV-020-03-26EAORNI 3, LLCBureau of Land ManagementBLM Winnemucca District OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land Management
San Emido Geothermal Energy North ProjectEAUSG Nevada LLCBureau of Land ManagementBLM Winnemucca District OfficeBureau of Land ManagementBureau of Land ManagementProduction Wells


References

<references> [1] [2]