Fumaroles

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Fumaroles:

An opening in the earth’s crust, typically near a volcano, in which steam and hot sulfurous gasses are discharged.

Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle

Modern Geothermal Features

Typical list of modern geothermal features

• Hot Springs
• Fumaroles
• Warm or Steaming Ground
• Mudpots, Mud Pools, or Mud Volcanoes
• Geysers
• Blind Geothermal System

Fumarole at Hverarond, Iceland (reference: http://www.mountainsoftravelphotos.com/Iceland/2006-07%20Iceland/Lake%20Myvatn/slides/Iceland%2007%2004%20Near%20Myvatn%20Hverarond%20Fumarole.html)

A fumarole is evidence of geothermal activity as it’s an opening in the Earth’s crust which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, or hydrogen sulfide. If the vent emits sulfur rich gas it may be referred to as a solfatara.

Examples

Want to add an example to this list? Select a Geothermal Resource Area to edit its "Modern Geothermal Feature" property using the "Edit with Form" option.

CSV

Geothermal Resource Area	Geothermal Region	Control Structure	Host Rock Age	Host Rock Lithology	Mean Capacity	Mean Reservoir Temp
Akita Geothermal Field	Northeast Honshu Arc	Major Normal Fault	Tertiary	Dacite	88.3 MW88,300 kW <br />88,300,000 W <br />88,300,000,000 mW <br />0.0883 GW <br />8.83e-5 TW <br />	548.15 K275 °C <br />527 °F <br />986.67 °R <br />
Aluto-Langano Geothermal Area	East African Rift System - Ethiopian Rift Valley	Major Normal Fault		Basalt	7.5 MW7,500 kW <br />7,500,000 W <br />7,500,000,000 mW <br />0.0075 GW <br />7.5e-6 TW <br />	561.15 K288 °C <br />550.4 °F <br />1,010.07 °R <br />
Amatitlan Geothermal Area	Central American Volcanic Arc Chain				25 MW25,000 kW <br />25,000,000 W <br />25,000,000,000 mW <br />0.025 GW <br />2.5e-5 TW <br />	513.15 K240 °C <br />464 °F <br />923.67 °R <br />
Bouillante Geothermal Area	Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc	Fault Intersection Major Normal Fault		Chlorite	15 MW15,000 kW <br />15,000,000 W <br />15,000,000,000 mW <br />0.015 GW <br />1.5e-5 TW <br />	528.15 K255 °C <br />491 °F <br />950.67 °R <br />
Brady Hot Springs Geothermal Area	Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region	Accommodation Zone	Mesozoic	metamorphic rocks	26.1 MW26,100 kW <br />26,100,000 W <br />26,100,000,000 mW <br />0.0261 GW <br />2.61e-5 TW <br />	455.15 K182 °C <br />359.6 °F <br />819.27 °R <br />
Cerro Prieto Geothermal Area	Gulf of California Rift Zone Geothermal Region			Sandstone	720 MW720,000 kW <br />720,000,000 W <br />720,000,000,000 mW <br />0.72 GW <br />7.2e-4 TW <br />	588.15 K315 °C <br />599 °F <br />1,058.67 °R <br />
Dixie Valley Geothermal Area	Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region	Stepover or Relay Ramp in Normal Fault Zones Major Normal Fault	Jurassic	Basalt	62 MW62,000 kW <br />62,000,000 W <br />62,000,000,000 mW <br />0.062 GW <br />6.2e-5 TW <br />	504.15 K231 °C <br />447.8 °F <br />907.47 °R <br />
Eburru Geothermal Area	East African Rift System - Kenya Rift			Basalt	2.5 MW2,500 kW <br />2,500,000 W <br />2,500,000,000 mW <br />0.0025 GW <br />2.5e-6 TW <br />	578.15 K305 °C <br />581 °F <br />1,040.67 °R <br />
Fukushima Geothermal Area	Northeast Honshu Arc	Major Normal Fault			65 MW65,000 kW <br />65,000,000 W <br />65,000,000,000 mW <br />0.065 GW <br />6.5e-5 TW <br />	579.15 K306 °C <br />582.8 °F <br />1,042.47 °R <br />
Germencik Geothermal Area	Aegean-West Anatolian Extensional Region	Fault Intersection		Marble	73.4 MW73,400 kW <br />73,400,000 W <br />73,400,000,000 mW <br />0.0734 GW <br />7.34e-5 TW <br />	491.15 K218 °C <br />424.4 °F <br />884.07 °R <br />
Geysers Geothermal Area	Holocene Magmatic	Pull-Apart in Strike-Slip Fault Zone	Mesozoic	metamorphosed sandstone	1,585 MW1,585,000 kW <br />1,585,000,000 W <br />1,585,000,000,000 mW <br />1.585 GW <br />0.00159 TW <br />	551.15 K278 °C <br />532.4 °F <br />992.07 °R <br />
Gunun-Salak Geothermal Area	Sunda Volcanic Arc	Major Normal Fault			345 MW345,000 kW <br />345,000,000 W <br />345,000,000,000 mW <br />0.345 GW <br />3.45e-4 TW <br />	548.15 K275 °C <br />527 °F <br />986.67 °R <br />
Java - Darajat Geothermal Area	Sunda Volcanic Arc	Major Normal Fault		Volcanics	255 MW255,000 kW <br />255,000,000 W <br />255,000,000,000 mW <br />0.255 GW <br />2.55e-4 TW <br />	518.15 K245 °C <br />473 °F <br />932.67 °R <br />
Java - Dieng Geothermal Area	Sunda Volcanic Arc			Lavas	60 MW60,000 kW <br />60,000,000 W <br />60,000,000,000 mW <br />0.06 GW <br />6.0e-5 TW <br />	598.15 K325 °C <br />617 °F <br />1,076.67 °R <br />
Java - Kamojang Geothermal Area	Sunda Volcanic Arc	Major Normal Fault			200 MW200,000 kW <br />200,000,000 W <br />200,000,000,000 mW <br />0.2 GW <br />2.0e-4 TW <br />	518.15 K245 °C <br />473 °F <br />932.67 °R <br />
Java-Wayang Windu Geothermal Area	Sunda Volcanic Arc	Major Normal Fault			227 MW227,000 kW <br />227,000,000 W <br />227,000,000,000 mW <br />0.227 GW <br />2.27e-4 TW <br />	558.15 K285 °C <br />545 °F <br />1,004.67 °R <br />
Kagoshima Geothermal Area	Ryuku Arc	Fault Intersection	Neogene to recent	Volcanic Rocks, Andesite	0.1 MW100 kW <br />100,000 W <br />100,000,000 mW <br />1.0e-4 GW <br />1.0e-7 TW <br />	512.15 K239 °C <br />462.2 °F <br />921.87 °R <br />
Kizildere Geothermal Area	Aegean-West Anatolian Extensional Region	Fault Intersection	Miocene	Limestone	102 MW102,000 kW <br />102,000,000 W <br />102,000,000,000 mW <br />0.102 GW <br />1.02e-4 TW <br />	459.15 K186 °C <br />366.8 °F <br />826.47 °R <br />
Krafla Geothermal Area	Mid Atlantic Ridge			Basalt	60 MW60,000 kW <br />60,000,000 W <br />60,000,000,000 mW <br />0.06 GW <br />6.0e-5 TW <br />	538.15 K265 °C <br />509 °F <br />968.67 °R <br />
Lahendong Geothermal Area	Minahasa Volcanic Zone	Fault Intersection	Miocene	Andesite	80 MW80,000 kW <br />80,000,000 W <br />80,000,000,000 mW <br />0.08 GW <br />8.0e-5 TW <br />	578.15 K305 °C <br />581 °F <br />1,040.67 °R <br />
Las Tres Virgenes Geothermal Area	Baja Peninsula Geothermal Region			Granodiorite	10 MW10,000 kW <br />10,000,000 W <br />10,000,000,000 mW <br />0.01 GW <br />1.0e-5 TW <br />	553.15 K280 °C <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br />
Leyte Geothermal Area	Philippine Island Arc			Andesite	714.9 MW714,900 kW <br />714,900,000 W <br />714,900,000,000 mW <br />0.715 GW <br />7.149e-4 TW <br />	553.15 K280 °C <br />536 °F <br />995.67 °R <br />
Los Azufres Geothermal Area	Transmexican Volcanic Belt		Miocene-Pliocene	Andesite	188 MW188,000 kW <br />188,000,000 W <br />188,000,000,000 mW <br />0.188 GW <br />1.88e-4 TW <br />	448.15 K175 °C <br />347 °F <br />806.67 °R <br />
Mutnovskaya Geothermal Area	Kuril-Kamchatka Arc	Fault Intersection	Oligocene		62 MW62,000 kW <br />62,000,000 W <br />62,000,000,000 mW <br />0.062 GW <br />6.2e-5 TW <br />	507.15 K234 °C <br />453.2 °F <br />912.87 °R <br />
Ogiri Geothermal Area	Ryuku Arc	Major Normal Fault	Quaternary	Andesite	30 MW30,000 kW <br />30,000,000 W <br />30,000,000,000 mW <br />0.03 GW <br />3.0e-5 TW <br />	533.15 K260 °C <br />500 °F <br />959.67 °R <br />
Pailas Geothermal Area	Central American Volcanic Arc Chain			Andesite	35 MW35,000 kW <br />35,000,000 W <br />35,000,000,000 mW <br />0.035 GW <br />3.5e-5 TW <br />
Pauzhetskaya Geothermal Area	Kuril-Kamchatka Arc			Tuff	27 MW27,000 kW <br />27,000,000 W <br />27,000,000,000 mW <br />0.027 GW <br />2.7e-5 TW <br />	468.15 K195 °C <br />383 °F <br />842.67 °R <br />
Pico Vermelho-Ribeira Grande Geothermal Area	Mid Atlantic Ridge			Basalt	28.5 MW28,500 kW <br />28,500,000 W <br />28,500,000,000 mW <br />0.0285 GW <br />2.85e-5 TW <br />	511.15 K238 °C <br />460.4 °F <br />920.07 °R <br />
Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area	Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region		1- Tertiary; 2- Precambrian	1- granite; 2- metamorphic	34 MW34,000 kW <br />34,000,000 W <br />34,000,000,000 mW <br />0.034 GW <br />3.4e-5 TW <br />	533.15 K260 °C <br />500 °F <br />959.67 °R <br />
San Jacinto Geothermal Area	Central American Volcanic Arc Chain				87 MW87,000 kW <br />87,000,000 W <br />87,000,000,000 mW <br />0.087 GW <br />8.7e-5 TW <br />	543.15 K270 °C <br />518 °F <br />977.67 °R <br />
Steamboat Springs Geothermal Area	Walker-Lane Transition Zone	Fault Intersection	1- Cretaceous; 2- Pliocene-Pleistocene	1- granodiorite; 2- basaltic andesite	147 MW147,000 kW <br />147,000,000 W <br />147,000,000,000 mW <br />0.147 GW <br />1.47e-4 TW <br />	483.15 K210 °C <br />410 °F <br />869.67 °R <br />
Sumatra-Sibayak Geothermal Area	Sunda Volcanic Arc - Great Sumatra Fault Zone	Fault Intersection	Tertiary	Sandstone; Limestone	12 MW12,000 kW <br />12,000,000 W <br />12,000,000,000 mW <br />0.012 GW <br />1.2e-5 TW <br />	543.15 K270 °C <br />518 °F <br />977.67 °R <br />
Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area	Rio Grande Rift	Fault Intersection Stratigraphic Boundaries Caldera Rim Margins	Mississippian-Pennsylvanian; Pleistocene, 1.6 to 1.25 Ma	Limestone-Madera Formation “MIPu”; Rhyolitic tuff-Intracaldera Bandelier Tuff (upper Tshirege “Qbt” and lower Otowi “Qbo” members); Caldera Fill Rhyolite (shallow)
Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area	Rio Grande Rift	Fault Intersection Stratigraphic Boundaries Caldera Rim Margins	Precambrian; Mississippian-Pennsylvanian; Pleistocene, 1.6 to 1.25 Ma; Pliocene; Miocene	Crystalline basement “pCu”; Limestone-Madera Formation “MIPu”; Rhyolitic tuff-Bandelier Tuff (upper Tshirege “Qbt” and lower Otowi “Qbo” members); Caldera Fill Rhyolite (shallow); Dacitic/Andesitic to Rhyolitic lavas and tuffs-Keres Group Volcanics (shallow); Santa Fe Group volcaniclastics “Tsf”
Yamagawa Geothermal Area	Ryuku Arc		Neogene to Recent	Volcanics	30 MW30,000 kW <br />30,000,000 W <br />30,000,000,000 mW <br />0.03 GW <br />3.0e-5 TW <br />
Yangbajain Geothermal Area	Himalayan Mountain Range	Fault Intersection			24 MW24,000 kW <br />24,000,000 W <br />24,000,000,000 mW <br />0.024 GW <br />2.4e-5 TW <br />	478.15 K205 °C <br />401 °F <br />860.67 °R <br />
Zunil Geothermal Area	Central American Volcanic Arc Chain			Granite; Volcanics	28 MW28,000 kW <br />28,000,000 W <br />28,000,000,000 mW <br />0.028 GW <br />2.8e-5 TW <br />	532.15 K259 °C <br />498.2 °F <br />957.87 °R <br />