Caldera Rim Margins

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Caldera Rim Margins:

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Controlling Structures

List of controlling structures typically associated with geothermal systems:

• Major Normal Fault
• Termination of a Major Normal Fault
• Stepover or Relay Ramp in Normal Fault Zones
• Apex or Salient of Normal Fault
• Fault Intersection

• Accommodation Zone
• Displacement Transfer Zone

• Pull-Apart in Strike-Slip Fault Zone
• Intrusion Margins and Associated Fractures
• Stratigraphic Boundaries
• Fissure Swarms
• Caldera Rim Margins
• Lithologically Controlled

A conceptual drawing of a caldera derived geothermal system. Hot water from beneath the caldera rises to the surface mainly via faults and fissures that form the caldera rim. Franzson, Hjalti, 2013: General Model of a High-T Reservoir. Iceland Geosurvey (ISOR).

Caldera rims often act as adequate hydrothermal conduits. They are particularly productive when intersected by other faults.

Examples

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CSV

Geothermal Resource Area	Geothermal Region	Tectonic Setting	Host Rock Age	Host Rock Lithology	Mean Capacity	Mean Reservoir Temp
Mori Geothermal Area	Kuril-Kamchatka Arc	Subduction Zone	Pre-Tertiary	Limestone	50 MW50,000 kW <br />50,000,000 W <br />50,000,000,000 mW <br />0.05 GW <br />5.0e-5 TW <br />	513.15 K240 °C <br />464 °F <br />923.67 °R <br />
Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area	Rio Grande Rift	Rift Zone Extensional Tectonics	Mississippian-Pennsylvanian; Pleistocene, 1.6 to 1.25 Ma	Limestone-Madera Formation “MIPu”; Rhyolitic tuff-Intracaldera Bandelier Tuff (upper Tshirege “Qbt” and lower Otowi “Qbo” members); Caldera Fill Rhyolite (shallow)
Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area	Rio Grande Rift	Rift Zone Extensional Tectonics	Precambrian; Mississippian-Pennsylvanian; Pleistocene, 1.6 to 1.25 Ma; Pliocene; Miocene	Crystalline basement “pCu”; Limestone-Madera Formation “MIPu”; Rhyolitic tuff-Bandelier Tuff (upper Tshirege “Qbt” and lower Otowi “Qbo” members); Caldera Fill Rhyolite (shallow); Dacitic/Andesitic to Rhyolitic lavas and tuffs-Keres Group Volcanics (shallow); Santa Fe Group volcaniclastics “Tsf”