Compound and Elemental Analysis

Exploration Technique: Compound and Elemental Analysis

Details
Activities (102)
Areas (68)
Regions (6)

Exploration Technique Information
Exploration Group:	Lab Analysis Techniques
Exploration Sub Group:	Fluid Lab Analysis
Parent Exploration Technique:	Fluid Lab Analysis
Information Provided by Technique
Lithology:
Stratigraphic/Structural:
Hydrological:	results can aid in the determination of fluid source regions and circulation pathways
Thermal:	certain elements exhibit high spatial correlation with high-temperature geothermal systems
Cost Information
Low-End Estimate (USD):	15.001,500 centUSD 0.015 kUSD 1.5e-5 MUSD 1.5e-8 TUSD / compound
Median Estimate (USD):	30.003,000 centUSD 0.03 kUSD 3.0e-5 MUSD 3.0e-8 TUSD / compound
High-End Estimate (USD):	50.005,000 centUSD 0.05 kUSD 5.0e-5 MUSD 5.0e-8 TUSD / compound

Compound and Elemental Analysis:

Compound and elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material (e.g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds) is analyzed for its elements and compounds and sometimes its isotopic composition. Elemental analysis can be qualitative (determining what elements are present), and it can also be quantitative (determining how much of each type are present).

Other definitions:Wikipedia Reegle

Introduction

By taking appropriate samples of fluids from surface springs and from well discharges, a great deal can be learned about the presence of absence of a geothermal resource and about the resource itself, such as reservoir fluid types, geothermometry, reservoir processes, and production monitoring.

Use in Geothermal Exploration

Two common chemical parameters used to characterize geothermal fluids are TDS and pH, which can be measured in the field with a conductivity meter and pH meter.^[1] The dissolved solids are composed mainly of

sodium (Na)
calcium (Ca)
potassium (K)
chlorine (Cl)
silica (SiO2)
sulfate (SO4)
bicarbonate (HCO3).

Minor constituents include a wide range of elements including

mercury (Hg),
fluorine (F),
boron (B),
arsenic (As)

Dissolved gases usually include:

carbon dioxide (CO2)
hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
ammonia (NH4)
methane (CH4)

Best Practices

Data suggest that there are differences in the trace element geochemistry of magmatically-driven systems when compared to extensional systems (those that are just driven by elevated geothermal gradients).^[2]

References

Page	Area	Activity Start Date	Activity End Date	Reference Material
Compound and Elemental Analysis (Klein, 2007)	Unspecified			Advances In The Past 20 Years- Geochemistry In Geothermal Exploration Resource Evaluation And Reservoir Management
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Akutan Fumaroles Area (Kolker, Et Al., 2010)	Akutan Fumaroles Geothermal Area			Geothermal Exploration At Akutan, Alaska- Favorable Indications For A High-Enthalpy Hydrothermal Resource Near A Remote Market
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Alum Area (DOE GTP)	Alum Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Alvord Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Alvord Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Belknap-Foley-Bigelow Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Belknap-Foley-Bigelow Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Beowawe Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Beowawe Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Black Warrior Area (DOE GTP)	Black Warrior Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Blackfoot Reservoir Area (Hutsinpiller & Parry, 1985)	Blackfoot Reservoir Geothermal Area			Geochemistry And Geothermometry Of Spring Water From The Blackfoot Reservoir Region, Southeastern Idaho
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Breitenbush Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Breitenbush Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Buffalo Valley Hot Springs Area (Laney, 2005)	Buffalo Valley Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2010)	Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region			Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Central Nevada Seismic Zone Region (Laney, 2005)	Central Nevada Seismic Zone Geothermal Region			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Clear Lake Area (Thompson, Et Al., 1992)	Clear Lake Geothermal Area			Thermal Waters Along The Konocti Bay Fault Zone, Lake County, California- A Re-Evaluation
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Colrado Area (DOE GTP)	Colado Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Coso Geothermal Area (1991)	Coso Geothermal Area	1991	1991	Variations in dissolved gas compositions of reservoir fluids from the Coso geothermal field
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Coso Geothermal Area (2004)	Coso Geothermal Area	2004	2004	Gas Analysis Of Geothermal Fluid Inclusions- A New Technology For Geothermal Exploration
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Crane Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Crane Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area (Wood, 2002)	Dixie Valley Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Brookins & Laughlin, 1983)	Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area			Rb-Sr Geochronologic Investigation Of Precambrian Samples From Deep Geothermal Drill Holes, Fenton Hill, New Mexico
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Goff & Janik, 2002)	Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area			Gas Geochemistry Of The Valles Caldera Region, New Mexico And Comparisons With Gases At Yellowstone, Long Valley And Other Geothermal Systems
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Goff, Et Al., 1981)	Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area			Geology, Water Geochemistry And Geothermal Potential Of The Jemez Springs Area, Canon De San Diego, New Mexico
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Grigsby, Et Al., 1983)	Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area			Rock-Water Interactions In Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Systems- Field Investigations Of In Situ Geochemical Behavior
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Laughlin, Et Al., 1983)	Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area			Geology Of The Fenton Hill, New Mexico, Hot Dry Rock Site
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area (Rao, Et Al., 1996)	Fenton Hill Hdr Geothermal Area			Sources Of Chloride In Hydrothermal Fluids From The Valles Caldera, New Mexico- A 36Cl Study
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fish Lake Valley Area (DOE GTP)	Fish Lake Valley Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fish Lake Valley Area (Deymonaz, Et Al., 2008)	Fish Lake Valley Geothermal Area			Esmeralda Energy Company Final Scientific Technical Report, January 2008, Emigrant Slimhole Drilling Project, Doe Gred Iii (De-Fc36-04Go14339)
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Flint Geothermal Area (DOE GTP)	Flint Geothermal Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Fort Bliss Area (DOE GTP)	Fort Bliss Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Gabbs Valley Area (DOE GTP)	Gabbs Valley Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Geysers Area (Kennedy & Truesdell, 1996)	Geysers Geothermal Area			The Northwest Geysers High-Temperature Reservoir- Evidence For Active Magmatic Degassing And Implications For The Origin Of The Geysers Geothermal Field
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Geysers Area (Lambert & Epstein, 1992)	Geysers Geothermal Area			Stable-Isotope Studies Of Rocks And Secondary Minerals In A Vapor-Dominated Hydrothermal System At The Geysers, Sonoma County, California
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Glass Buttes Area (DOE GTP)	Glass Buttes Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Heber Area (Wood, 2002)	Heber Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Hot Lake Area (Wood, 2002)	Hot Lake Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Hot Springs Ranch Area (Szybinski, 2006)	Hot Springs Ranch Geothermal Area			Pumpernickel Valley Geothermal Project Thermal Gradient Wells
Compound and Elemental Analysis At International Geothermal Area, Indonesia (Laney, 2005)	International Geothermal Area Indonesia			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At International Geothermal Area, Mexico (Norman & Moore, 2004)	International Geothermal Area Mexico			Gas Analysis Of Geothermal Fluid Inclusions- A New Technology For Geothermal Exploration
Compound and Elemental Analysis At International Geothermal Area, New Zealand (Wood, 2002)	International Geothermal Area New Zealand			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At International Geothermal Area, Philippines (Wood, 2002)	International Geothermal Area Philippines			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Jemez Pueblo Area (DOE GTP)	Jemez Pueblo Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Jemez Springs Area (Goff & Janik, 2002)	Jemez Springs Geothermal Area			Gas Geochemistry Of The Valles Caldera Region, New Mexico And Comparisons With Gases At Yellowstone, Long Valley And Other Geothermal Systems
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Jemez Springs Area (Goff, Et Al., 1981)	Jemez Springs Geothermal Area			Geology, Water Geochemistry And Geothermal Potential Of The Jemez Springs Area, Canon De San Diego, New Mexico
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Kilauea East Rift Area (Combs, Et Al., 2006)	Kilauea East Rift Geothermal Area			Growth History Of Kilauea Inferred From Volatile Concentrations In Submarine-Collected Basalts
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Kilauea East Rift Area (Coombs, Et Al., 2006)	Kilauea East Rift Geothermal Area			Growth History Of Kilauea Inferred From Volatile Concentrations In Submarine-Collected Basalts
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Kilauea East Rift Area (Quane, Et Al., 2000)	Kilauea East Rift Geothermal Area			Magmatic History Of The East Rift Zone Of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii Based On Drill Core From Soh 1
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Kilauea Southwest Rift And South Flank Area (Combs, Et Al., 2006)	Kilauea Southwest Rift And South Flank Geothermal Area			Growth History Of Kilauea Inferred From Volatile Concentrations In Submarine-Collected Basalts
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Kilauea Southwest Rift And South Flank Area (Coombs, Et Al., 2006)	Kilauea Southwest Rift And South Flank Geothermal Area			Growth History Of Kilauea Inferred From Volatile Concentrations In Submarine-Collected Basalts
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Lake City Hot Springs Area (Sladek, Et Al., 2004)	Lake City Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Geochemistry Of The Lake City Geothermal System, California, Usa
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Lake City Hot Springs Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004)	Lake City Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Geothermal Resource Exploration And Definition Projects
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Lassen Volcanic National Park Area (Janik & Mclaren, 2010)	Lassen Volcanic National Park Geothermal Area			Seismicity And Fluid Geochemistry At Lassen Volcanic National Park, California- Evidence For Two Circulation Cells In The Hydrothermal System
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Lassen Volcanic National Park Area (Thompson, 1985)	Lassen Volcanic National Park Geothermal Area			Chemistry Of Thermal And Nonthermal Springs In The Vicinity Of Lassen Volcanic National Park
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Lightning Dock Area (Norman & Moore, 2004)	Lightning Dock Geothermal Area			Gas Analysis Of Geothermal Fluid Inclusions- A New Technology For Geothermal Exploration
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Little Valley Area (Wood, 2002)	Little Valley Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Long Valley Caldera Area (Bergfeld, Et Al., 2006)	Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area			Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Vegetation-Kill Zones Around The Resurgent Dome Of Long Valley Caldera, Eastern California, Usa
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Long Valley Caldera Area (Evans, Et Al., 2002)	Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area			Tracing And Quantifying Magmatic Carbon Discharge In Cold Groundwaters- Lessons Learned From Mammoth Mountain, Usa
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Long Valley Caldera Area (Farrar, Et Al., 2003)	Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area			Inferences On The Hydrothermal System Beneath The Resurgent Dome In Long Valley Caldera, East-Central California, Usa, From Recent Pumping Tests And Geochemical Sampling
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Long Valley Caldera Area (Goff & Janik, 2002)	Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area			Gas Geochemistry Of The Valles Caldera Region, New Mexico And Comparisons With Gases At Yellowstone, Long Valley And Other Geothermal Systems
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Long Valley Caldera Area (Sorey, Et Al., 1991)	Long Valley Caldera Geothermal Area			New Evidence On The Hydrothermal System In Long Valley Caldera, California, From Wells, Fluid Sampling, Electrical Geophysics, And Age Determinations Of Hot-Spring Deposits
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Maui Area (DOE GTP)	Maui Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At McCoy Geothermal Area (DOE GTP)	McCoy Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Mccredie Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	McCredie Hot Springs Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Mcgee Mountain Area (DOE GTP)	McGee Mountain Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Mickey Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Mickey Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Mt St Helens Area (Shevenell & Goff, 1995)	Mt St Helens Geothermal Area			Evolution Of Hydrothermal Waters At Mount St Helens, Washington, Usa
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Mt St Helens Area (Shevenell & Goff, 2000)	Mt St Helens Geothermal Area			Temporal Geochemical Variations In Volatile Emissions From Mount St Helens, Usa, 1980-1994
Compound and Elemental Analysis At New River Area (DOE GTP)	New River Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Newberry Caldera Area (Goles & Lambert, 1990)	Newberry Caldera Geothermal Area			A Strontium Isotopic Study Of Newberry Volcano, Central Oregon- Structural And Thermal Implications
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Northern Basin & Range Region (Cole, 1983)	Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region			Chemical And Isotopic Investigation Of Warm Springs Associated With Normal Faults In Utah
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Northern Basin & Range Region (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2010)	Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region			Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Northern Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005)	Northern Basin and Range Geothermal Region			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Nw Basin & Range Region (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2010)	Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region			Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Nw Basin & Range Region (Laney, 2005)	Northwest Basin and Range Geothermal Region			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Raft River Geothermal Area (1981)	Raft River Geothermal Area	1981	1981	Hydrochemistry of selected parameters at the Raft River KGRA, Cassia County, Idaho
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Reese River Area (Henkle & Ronne, 2008)	Reese River Geothermal Area			Phase 2 Reese River Geothermal Project Slim Well 56-4 Drilling And Testing
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Roosevelt Hot Springs Area (Christensen, Et Al., 1983)	Roosevelt Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Trace-Element Distribution In An Active Hydrothermal System, Roosevelt Hot Springs Thermal Area, Utah
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Rye Patch Area (DOE GTP)	Rye Patch Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Salton Sea Area (Wood, 2002)	Salton Sea Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Seven Mile Hole Area (Larson, Et Al., 2009)	Seven Mile Hole Geothermal Area			A Preliminary Study Of Older Hot Spring Alteration In Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon Of The Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Silver Peak Area (DOE GTP)	Silver Peak Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Snake River Plain Region (DOE GTP)	Snake River Plain Geothermal Region			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Soda Lake Area (DOE GTP)	Soda Lake Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At The Needles Area (DOE GTP)	The Needles Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At U.S. West Region (Krohn, Et Al., 1993)	U.S. West Region			Relations Of Ammonium Minerals At Several Hydrothermal Systems In The Western Us
Compound and Elemental Analysis At U.S. West Region (Laney, 2005)	U.S. West Region			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Umpqua Hot Springs Area (Wood, 2002)	Umpqua Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Redondo Area (Chipera, Et Al., 2008)	Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area			Zeolitization Of Intracaldera Sediments And Rhyolitic Rocks In The 1.25 Ma Lake Of Valles Caldera, New Mexico, Usa
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Redondo Area (Goff & Janik, 2002)	Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area			Gas Geochemistry Of The Valles Caldera Region, New Mexico And Comparisons With Gases At Yellowstone, Long Valley And Other Geothermal Systems
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Redondo Area (White, Et Al., 1992)	Valles Caldera - Redondo Geothermal Area			Mass Transfer Constraints On The Chemical Evolution Of An Active Hydrothermal System, Valles Caldera, New Mexico
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Area (Chipera, Et Al., 2008)	Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area			Zeolitization Of Intracaldera Sediments And Rhyolitic Rocks In The 1.25 Ma Lake Of Valles Caldera, New Mexico, Usa
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Area (Goff & Janik, 2002)	Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area			Gas Geochemistry Of The Valles Caldera Region, New Mexico And Comparisons With Gases At Yellowstone, Long Valley And Other Geothermal Systems
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Area (Rao, Et Al., 1996)	Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area			Sources Of Chloride In Hydrothermal Fluids From The Valles Caldera, New Mexico- A 36Cl Study
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Area (White, Et Al., 1992)	Valles Caldera - Sulphur Springs Geothermal Area			Mass Transfer Constraints On The Chemical Evolution Of An Active Hydrothermal System, Valles Caldera, New Mexico
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes Region Area (Keith, Et Al., 1992)	Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes Region Geothermal Area			Geochemistry Of Waters In The Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes Region, Alaska
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes Region Area (Kodosky & Keith, 1993)	Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes Region Geothermal Area			Factors Controlling The Geochemical Evolution Of Fumarolic Encrustations, Valley Of Ten Thousand Smokes, Alaska
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Walker-Lane Transitional Zone Region (Coolbaugh, Et Al., 2010)	Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region			Lithium In Tufas Of The Great Basin- Exploration Implications For Geothermal Energy And Lithium Resources
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Walker-Lane Transitional Zone Region (Laney, 2005)	Walker-Lane Transition Zone Geothermal Region			Federal Geothermal Research Program Update - Fiscal Year 2004
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Wister Area (DOE GTP)	Wister Geothermal Area			GTP ARRA Spreadsheet
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Yellowstone Region (Goff & Janik, 2002)	Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region			Gas Geochemistry Of The Valles Caldera Region, New Mexico And Comparisons With Gases At Yellowstone, Long Valley And Other Geothermal Systems
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Yellowstone Region (Hurwitz, Et Al., 2007)	Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region			Spatial And Temporal Geochemical Trends In The Hydrothermal System Of Yellowstone National Park- Inferences From River Solute Fluxes
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Yellowstone Region (Kennedy, Et Al., 1985)	Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region			Intensive Sampling Of Noble Gases In Fluids At Yellowstone- I, Early Overview Of The Data, Regional Patterns
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Yellowstone Region (Kennedy, Et Al., 1988)	Yellowstone Caldera Geothermal Region			Noble Gas Geochemistry In Thermal Springs
Compound and Elemental Analysis At Zim's Hot Springs Geothermal Area (Wood, 2002)	Zim's Hot Springs Geothermal Area			Behavior Of Rare Earth Element In Geothermal Systems, A New Exploration-Exploitation Tool

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[Wright-1] "Geochemistry from Direct Use Engineering and Design Guidebook"

[Arehart_2011-2] "Geochemical characterization of geothermal systems in the Great Basin: Implications for exploration, exploitation, and environmental issues"

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